Virtual Only | Track 2 | Session 3. Resilience - toward healthy urban development and upgrading

Encouraging bicycle travel is important in reducing carbon emissions and improving the health of all people, but the cold winter climate in austere cities limits people's willingness to travel by bicycle. It is especially important to build a comprehensive bicycle system in the planning for cold regions. The city of Minneapolis is a typical example of a global cold city with a comprehensive bicycle network. In this paper, the Open Street Map, POI, and other open data are used to explore its planning and construction characteristics. This paper uses the method of overlay analysis, kernel density analysis, and interpolation analysis, four aspects are analyzed including the city area, region, paths, and facilities. It will reveal its system construction mechanism in terms of service scope, structural layout, land composite degree, street section form, and traffic connection mode. This study will support the planning of constructing a safe and comfortable bicycle slow traveling system in severe cold cities.

The rapid spread of COVID-19 has sparked thinking across industries about capacity building in response to major public health events Township planning and construction must also re-examine the existing inertial thinking, and rural areas maintain resilience in the face of external pressures and shocks with their discrete distribution model. Based on the concept of resilience and rural revitalization, this paper proposes a new path to adapt to rural development. First, landscape-guided rural planning, the construction of "landscape - forest field - village" landscape sequence; second, maintain the space spacing of rural settlements, while optimizing rural public service support. In this way, it aims to promote the sustainable development of villages, promote the organic integration of superior resources and rural revitalization strategies, and enhance the ability to resist external shocks or disasters.

With the continuous development of urbanization, global climate change, increasing uncertainties and risks, resilience has become an important criterion for urban safety and sustainable development. As a comprehensive and open spatial system, urban central park played the role of regional green core, which presented typical features of self-repairing and absorbing negative impacts. Thus, the research of urban central park based on resilience theory was helpful to implement a full understanding of urban green space functioning mechanism, and also improve the ability of urban system to cope with uncertain factors in research and practical experience by nature-based solutions. The study area was Jinan Central Park, which was located at gateway of the Yellow River north bank, adjacent to Queshan Lake and Huashan Mountain with long history of spring water culture. As the green core with largest floor area and widest service scope in new urban area, Jinan Central Park was expected to demonstrate resilience and become the key node connecting ecological network inside and outside central area. In this article, the literature on urban resilience was first reviewed, and relevant assessment methods have been summarized. Then, combined with typical characteristics of urban resilience: robustness, rapidity, redundancy and diversity, a framework of resilient park systems was constructed by 4 first-level and 16 second-level indicators on this basis, containing ecology, transportation, infrastructure and social activity factors, and planning and assessment methods of the urban system resilience for these aspects were explored. Finally, optimization strategies were raised by results under resilient assessment: building the robust eco space, planning the rapidly connected spatial series, distributing the redundant and efficient facility system, and injecting diverse cultural activities. The introduction of resilience theory to the study of urban central park planning and assessment expanded a further understanding of the complex characteristics of urban green space systems, as well as provided a reference for urban safety development and human settlements resilient improvement.

Over 400 B.C., the philosopher Hippocrates explained in "Airs, Waters and Places" that the health of human beings requires consideration of their surroundings and the balance between human beings and their environment. They are also the basis for social development, civilisation and progress. With more than half of the world's population living in cities (in 2018, the world urbanisation rate was around 55%), the impact of the urban environment on people is becoming increasingly critical. Since 2020, with the continued impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the public health problems brought about by rapid urbanisation have been further highlighted, and the concept of a "healthy planet" and "healthy cities" has received widespread attention. Academics have begun to explore the relationship between urban environment, urban space and urban society from a health perspective, and have conducted various studies on the public health impacts of the built environment, health-led spatial design and adaptive design of public spaces. Meanwhile, in the context of stock planning, China's 14th Five-Year Plan proposes a new type of urbanisation with people at its core, and elevates the accelerated transformation of urban development and the "implementation of urban renewal initiatives" to a national strategic level. With healthy cities as the guide, we analyse and refine the influences of healthy cities on urban regeneration in China by drawing on successful experiences at home and abroad, and based on the reality of urban regeneration in China. The paper examines the coupling relationship between healthy cities and urban regeneration, and explores an urban regeneration strategy that is more in line with the new type of urbanisation with people at its core, and ensures that citizens can enjoy life and give full play to their potential. Starting from the essential connotation and values of a healthy city, the theoretical analysis and case studies are conducted on the urban regeneration of China under the orientation of a healthy city, and the health needs of urban regeneration in China are presented. It analyses the basic design theories related to healthy cities and urban regeneration, compares the objectives and real-life dilemmas of urban regeneration in China, analyses the correlation between the assessment elements of healthy city planning and the design elements of urban regeneration, and proposes urban regeneration strategies in China under a healthy city orientation at the urban level (macro), the neighbourhood level (meso) and the community level (micro). These strategies are divided into functional and structural strategies at the urban level (organic network, functional mix, green space system, etc.), spatial and place strategies at the neighbourhood level (texture and street space form, open space, etc.), and road and landscape strategies at the community level (harmonious road traffic and slow walking space for people and vehicles, three-dimensional green landscape environment, etc.). The paper hopes to extend the research ideas on healthy cities by exploring the urban regeneration strategies in China under the healthy city orientation, and to provide references for subsequent urban regeneration research and empirical evidence in China.

For a long time, urban planning determined by single planned economy and single market economy has caused great harm to urban sustainable development. China has to face a series of problems, such as the shortage of resources, the intensification of environmental pollution, and the continuous erosion of the ecosystem. In recent years, ecological civilization has been raised to a prominent position by the Chinese government, which has led to a change in the thinking of urban and rural planning and development in Chinese academic circles. Urban agglomeration is an important carrier for the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities in the future, and a key element to participate in global economic competition and industrial division. However, at present, there are problems of siphon effect of large cities and unequal distribution of resources among cities in China's urban agglomeration. Under the background of ecological civilization, urban agglomerations are required to not only ensure the continuity and integrity of their own ecosystem, but also promote the coordinated development between cities, so as to play the leading role of urban agglomerations. This paper studies the framework and ideas for the construction of urban agglomeration with natural elements as the core from the three levels of system level，control level and implementation level, explores the specific implementation path of "green heart" urban agglomeration planning and with Taishan urban agglomeration as the practice. Including the aspects of overall pattern, transportation, industry, culture, public service facilities, government cooperation mechanism, etc.

While China is rapidly urbanizing, there are problems such as the deterioration of the ecological environment, the blind expansion and disorderly spread of cities. Delimiting the urban development boundary is not only an effective means to solve the above problems, but also an important way to promote the healthy development of cities. Judging from the delimitation practice of urban development boundary in China in recent years, the delimitation methods adopted by different cities are different, which can be roughly divided into positive method and reverse method. The positive method focuses on cities, simulates the driving mechanism of urban expansion and predicts the scale of urban development to delimit the urban development boundary. The reverse method mainly considers the adequate protection of natural restrictive elements, and determines the delimitation scope of urban development boundary after framing non-restrictive elements. Although the current urban development boundary delimitation methods are relatively mature, they lack the comparative analysis of multiple development scenarios and the immediate evaluation of the urban development boundary delimitation results. Geodesign can make up for this deficiency. Geodesign framework is the core content of geodesign. It is a planning support technical framework that integrates environmental information and can provide real-time analysis and feedback, which can effectively improve the scientificity and practicability of urban development boundary delimitation. The geodesign framework consists of six questions, the answers to which are models. The framework has a process with multiple iterations and feedback possibilities. Based on the traditional delimitation process of urban development boundary, this paper constructs a geodesign framework for delimitation of urban development boundary. The framework has three main iterations. Take Kunming Yangzonghai Scenic Spot in China as an example. 1) In the first iteration, the current situation of the study area was analyzed, and nine possible development scenarios were proposed from the aspects of spatial development mode, ecological security mode and basic farmland protection policy. By summarizing laws, regulations and policies, it was proposed that ecological priority, green development and the promotion of urban intensive and economical development should be taken as the value orientation for the delimitation of urban development boundary. 2) The second iteration first compared a variety of land use simulation methods, and finally selected the CA-Markov model with high prediction accuracy and relatively low data requirements for multi-scenario simulation. then from the perspectives of ecosystem service value and urban intensive and economical development, evaluation factors were selected to establish multi-scenario land use simulation results evaluation plan. 3) The third iteration used globeland30 data and national land and space survey data to establish a CA-Markov model and simulate land use in 2035 under nine development scenarios. after the simulation was completed, a comprehensive evaluation of the simulation results was carried out. The evaluation results show that the group-type development model with a high degree of ecological security and the moderately loose basic farmland policy have the highest comprehensive benefits, and based on this, the urban development boundary of Kunming Yangzonghai Scenic Spot in 2035 was completed. Finally, according to the selected development model and policy, strategies of urban development boundary control with local characteristics were put forward. The research results show that the delimitation of urban development boundary under the geodesign framework has the advantages of clear goals, full consideration of the diversity of development scenarios and immediate feedback of planning benefits, which improves the scientificity of planning and reduces decision-making risks. It is hoped that the research results can provide reference for other cities to scientifically delimit urban development boundary.

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, urban expansion has greatly changed the distribution pattern and function of regional habitat, thus affecting regional ecological security. Under the background of the new type of urbanization and an eco-conservation perspective, the assessment of habitat quality and its spatial-temporal response to urban expansion plays an important role in urban ecological security and regional urban and rural planning. Using InVEST model and remote sensing images from 2000, 2010 and 2020 as data sources, this paper analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of habitat quality in Harbin from 2000 to 2020. On this basis, based on the circle layer gradient division method, starting from the geometric center of the city, with 1km as the buffer distance to make isometric concentric circle buffer zone, the buffer zone is analyzed layer by layer from inside to outside, and the urban expansion pattern of Harbin under the boundary of urban-rural gradient in the past 20 years is discussed. At the same time, landscape pattern index was analyzed by FRAGSTATS platform, and the effects of landscape pattern and habitat quality in different urban and rural gradients were summarized. The results show that:①The built-up land in Harbin increased from 168km2 to 458km2; It showed a trend of slow growth to strong growth and then slow expansion. Most of the growth of built-up land appeared in the urban-rural integration zone. ②The average value of habitat quality and the area with medium or above habitat quality decreased year by year, and the most degraded area moved eastward from the core area. ③There was a significant negative spatial correlation between built-up land expansion intensity and habitat quality. ④The increase of spatial fragmentation and irregular shape of built-up land aggravated the degradation of habitat quality. This study provides theoretical basis for ecological protection and urban and rural planning under the background of rapid expansion of built-up land in Harbin City.